Pros and Cons of Cultural Diversity – Lecture

As has been said many times on this website, diversity is more about culture than anything else. It is a little bit about how we look physically – our phenotype.  Two people can look almost exactly alike in appearance.  They can both have brown eyes and brown hair and brown skin and be unique in their language skills, beliefs, and other characteristics.

Almost everything in life has pros and cons. The diversity of human beings is no different.  This is the good news and bad news about culture.  Let’s examine the “bad news” about cultural diversity first, so we can end on a positive note.

Experience tells us that diverse perspectives often lead people into areas where they might feel some discomfort.  Differences in language, communication styles, and cultural norms can make us feel uncomfortable.  There often is a breakdown of communication.  If you travel abroad to places where your native language is not spoken, it may happen.  Technology and cell phones can help a lot in translation, but that may not be enough.

If you belong to a minority group in a dominant cultural region, you may experience discrimination and prejudice, no matter how much diversity there is.  Such discrimination leads to negative emotional feelings, which can cause misunderstandings, conflicts, and tensions even between the minorities themselves.

Societies must be organized, but in diverse communities, cultural diversity causes social fragmentation and weakens the social cohesion among the populations that are trying to fit in.  The dominant culture may try to impose its values and norms on the lesser cultures, which in itself leads to loss of cultural diversity!

In diverse communities, the workforce might require special skills, training, and/or cultural knowledge that the newcomer is not familiar with.  This causes complexities that may not be able to be resolved without excluding those who don’t fit in. 

There is also the dilemma of mixed marriages within the dominant culture.  This can be problematic on both sides.  Both parents and children of these marriages may struggle to gain a cultural identity and/or feelings of belonging.  Lack of cultural identity promotes distrust among the dominant culture and mistrust of those others trying to fit in. Historical mistrust of the healthcare system, for instance, and other institutions of the dominant culture can lead to many problems – both for the dominant culture and for newly arrived immigrants. 

We know about these cultural dilemmas because they are broadcast to us 24/7 on the news, social media, and our cell phones.  Unless we live on another planet, we can’t help but be aware of such distasteful matters in our communities and our neighborhoods.

Now, let’s examine the “good news” about cultural diversity.  All we need to do is look at clothing, art, architecture, monuments, rituals, etc., to see that cultural diversity promotes creativity and innovation.  Where would the US be without our tacos, spaghetti, pizza, and sushi?  Those items are about food diversity, but take a peak at Washington, DC, and notice the Roman architecture everywhere.  Then there is the world-famous Smithsonian Museum that exhibits historical artifacts from everywhere on earth and even from the moon!  Every capital city in the world has cultural artifacts from an infinite number of cultures, both ancient and modern.  Not only do creativity and innovation give us tangible aspects of culture from a mixed variety of cultures, but innovation and creativity also help in problem-solving if we can listen and talk to others and value their input.  Exposure to other cultures gives us a background for unique insights and different approaches to challenges, which can lead to more comprehensive solutions.             

When we are exposed to a variety of cultural norms and beliefs and ways of doing things differently, we become more empathetic and tolerant, which in turn promotes inclusiveness and more understanding in our societies.  We become enriched with a variety of traditions, customs, and perspectives, which makes our world more vibrant and much more interesting.

            Cultural diversity – not skin color or outward appearances gives us a diverse workforce, which can lead to increased productivity and economic growth.  Many everyday products from other countries that we are dependent upon are electronics, clothing, food items, especially fruits and vegetables, and raw materials like rubber, crude oil, textiles, vehicles, chemicals, and so many others.  Immigrants have brought such things with them, introducing their wealth of products and knowledge to us.  We can attract and retain talented individuals from various backgrounds. These kinds of introductions help all countries to understand global markets for the good of their citizens.

                  Last but certainly not least, developing an understanding of cultural diversity helps create stronger and safer communities.  It gives us a chance to realize we are all connected, and being connected gives us all a sense of belonging.

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