an intellectual movement, which challenged themes that were first articulated during the EnlightenmentA philosophical and intellectual movement in the 18th century championing reason over superstition and tradition. It emphasized rationalism, individualism, and science, leading to major developments in politics, science, and society, advocating for natural rights and religious tolerance. More (late 17th and early 18th centuries) such as scientific positivism, human progress, human reasoning, and essential truths of physical and social conditions – with a more general critique of Western institutions and knowledge
