Global Villages Part II – European Global Village Lecture

The Neolithic populations that migrated west from Asia by 5,000 BC were the first peoples to enter the European global village. However, Europe gets its earliest cultural influences from the first viable civilization, which arose around 2800 BC on the Isle of Crete.  The Crete cultural-hearth had social and technological advances lasting 2,000 years.

European Global Village

Complex and dynamic cultures can also be traced back to the Nile Valley of Southwest Asia. By 180 AD, Roman influence had spread throughout Europe. The Anglo-Saxons, originating in northern Germany and Scandinavia, invaded Britain in the fifth century.  Their descendants are spread worldwide. Those populations were the dominant culture of Europe until the Norman conquest in 1066 AD. The conquest of 1066 brought internal conflicts among the many cultural groups vying for power in Europe.  Those internal conflicts have continued over centuries.

Globalization had its true beginning in the 15th century.  Many European countries were advancing in ship technology. The Vikings are said to have made the first voyage across the Atlantic about 1000 AD, but Christopher Columbus first initiated serious exploration voyages to the Americas. Others soon followed, and a dynamic cultural diffusion began to spread in many directions due to the vast undertakings of both commercial and colonial enterprises.

A little-known fact is that the Nina, Pinta, and Santa Maria ships were funded by Converso Jews (New Christians).  Those ships left from the port of Palos de la Frontera, Spain.  The Spanish Inquisition (The Alhambra Decree, or Edict of Expulsion) also began in 1492, with expulsions, exile, and persecution of the Jews. Some of their assets were used to fund the expedition. The Inquisition, for 300 years, caused much misery and cultural upheavals across the globe.  Also, remember that Christopher Columbus himself never landed on the continental United States.  And . . . he was an Italian, born in Genoa in 1451, who became an experienced sailor by his twenties. (The main reason we celebrate Columbus Day.)

Columbus’ voyages contributed culturally to the European Global Village by introducing new food crops from the Americas.  Europe did not grow potatoes, corn, tomatoes, or beans.  Those crops significantly improved European diets and contributed to population growth.  These crops became staples in European cuisine, which in turn improved overall nutrition. There was also the introduction of new plants like tobacco.  (Was this good or bad?)  This impacted European culture and trade patterns and became known as the “Columbian Exchange.”

The European Global Village has benefitted greatly from the influx of new crops.  Growing of these crops created new trade routes and economic opportunities for European nations.  The new foods also influenced European culinary traditions, transforming everyday life (culture) and changing traditional social practices.

A negative cultural effect was the contribution of diseases shared by the Columbian Exchange from Europe to the Americas.  The diseases such as smallpox, measles, and malaria spread rapidly and caused the demise of millions of Native Americans.  There was also whooping cough, chicken pox, bubonic plague, and typhus. (Denevan, 1976, p.5)

Cultural patterns in the European global village changed in cities and rural communities where Latin, Law, Politics, Agriculture, Livestock herding, and Christianity began.  Today Europe is considered multi-cultural, but many of its states and regions are still monocultural.  Though each country has diverse populations assimilated into them, they still have very national identities, and ethnic conflicts often arise. 

Many cultural areas still claim their separate identities and languages, yet for the most part, the EU has increased the interdependence of economies and shared spaces among all populations and groups in this global village.

My Father Had No Children